호칭 (Just read. Don't try to memorise them now!)
If you will use korean just in tandem, I recommend you don't read the details.
I will explain about complex korean cuture. But if you have a plan to travel to korea or want to understand the korean culture in movies or dramas. You would better to read them.
- 할머니 grandmother. 할아버지grandfather
- 손자, 손주 grandchild.
- Natural 할머니! 손자가 왔어요! Grandma! Your grandchild came! (at special holiday like 설날Lunar new year celebration, 추석 thanksgiving day)
- Korean also use them to call a old person(older than 아저씨, 아줌마) From a stranger to a close person.
- Natural 할머니, 이렇게 추운데 왜 밖에 계세요. 가족분들은 어디계세요? hey, Why are you outside even in the cold weather. Where are your families? (on the street at a cold winter)
- Natural 할머니, 저 또 왔어요. 잘 지내셨어요? Grandma, I came again. How are you? (by volunteer who take care of old people.)
- 손자, 손주 grandchild.
- 부모님 parents
- 어머니mother, 엄마mom
- Natural 엄마, 학교 갔다올게요. Mom, I'm going to school.
- 아버지father, 아빠dad
- Natural 아빠, 언제 와요? Dad, when will you come (home from work)?
- 어머니mother, 엄마mom
- 아저씨, 아줌마(아주머니) are used to call a adult at least older than 35 (But not too old) man and woman. In fact, There is no exact standard.
- It is rude to use them to adult younger than 35 or in front of the stranger. Actually it can be rude just to use them.
- Natural... 저 애가 나보고 아줌마래... That child called me 아줌마... (by 30 years old woman)
- You can use 언니, 누나, 오빠, 형 to them. They will like it.
- But it can be friendly and can express that you are closer to them.
- Natural 아줌마! 저 또 왔어요. Hey, I came again! (to old korean restaurant's female owner.)
- Natural 아저씨, 여기서 뭐하세요? Hey, What are you doing here? (by students to his teacher closer to them In PC방)
- PC방 store where you usually can play computer games. There is a lot of youngs.
- So the students ask their teacher "Why you, an adult is here where young people play games?"
- It is rude to use them to adult younger than 35 or in front of the stranger. Actually it can be rude just to use them.
- "형" = older brother, If you are male.
- korean often use titles instead of pronoun"you너, 당신".
- Natural 형은 내 맘을 몰라! You don't know how i feel!
- 맘 = 마음 = one's feeling, thinking, memory, interest.
- as you see, recently young koreans often use 반말 to their sibling, even if the siblings are older than them. You will learn about 반말 in next topic.
- But by using title형 instead of 당신, 너, They can avoid to be too rude.
- Natural 형은 내 맘을 몰라! You don't know how i feel!
- Korean use it to call man older than you but closer to you, or stranger you have to call in a hurry.
- Natural 형, 오랜만에 보네요. Longtime no see. (To male friend older than you.)
- It is usually not used to call a clerk.
- korean often use titles instead of pronoun"you너, 당신".
- 언니 = older sister and woman version of 형, if you are female.
- You can use titles instead of he그 or she그녀.
- Natural 언니는 천사에요. She is an angel! (to 언니's friend by a girl. While they talking talking 언니, the angel.)
- like 형, you can use it to call woman older than you.
- Natural 언니는 경찰이라면서요? I heard that you are a police officer.
- ~이라면서요? I heard that ~ (I am not sure, but people said me that...)
- 경찰 The police, police officer.
- Natural 언니는 경찰이라면서요? I heard that you are a police officer.
- I don't know why. Recently Korean use it to call store's clerk you don't know her name, but looks older than you. They may think this title is friendly but honorific to a older clerk.
- Natural 언니, 이거 얼마에요? Hey, How much is it? (to a clerk)
- You can use titles instead of he그 or she그녀.
- 누나 = when you call your 언니, if you are male.
- like 형, 언니. You can use it to call a woman older than you.
- Natural 누나를 좋아해요. I like you. (to a older woman by a yonger man)
- like 언니. It is used to call a clerk recently.
- korean use 형, 언니, 누나, 오빠 when they have to call a stranger but don't know their name.
- Natural (In bus terminal, a 26years old woman dropped his wallet) 거기, 노란 셔츠 입은 누나! 지갑 떨어트리셨어요! Hey, there, who wears a yellow shirt! You dropped your wallet!
- 노란 yellow => 노랗다 / 노래요. be yellow
- 입다, 입어요 wear => 입은 ~ who wears
- 지갑 wallet
- 떨어트리다, 떨어트려요 drop
- ~하셨어요, more 존대 honorific than 했어요. It respect the subject of the verb. you will learn about 존대 in the next lesson.
- Natural (In bus terminal, a 26years old woman dropped his wallet) 거기, 노란 셔츠 입은 누나! 지갑 떨어트리셨어요! Hey, there, who wears a yellow shirt! You dropped your wallet!
- like 형, 언니. You can use it to call a woman older than you.
- 오빠 = when you call your 형, if you are female.
- like 형, 언니, 누나. you can use it to call a man older than you.
- like 언니, 누나... It is used to call a clerk recently.
- As i said, 누나/오빠 are used to a close person. So they can misunderstand that you have a good feeling to them. (like love)
- Ambiguous 오빠, 질문이 있어요. I have a qustion to you.
- If you want to avoid the implication, Don't use them. You can call them by name, role, or just omit it.
- Safe and distance 명석씨 질문이 있어요. I have a question to you.
- Safe and distance 질문 하나 해도 될까요? Can i ask you a question?
- ~해도 될까요? Can I ~
- 하나 a, one.
- 동생 = Sibling younger than you.
- It usually used with their gender. 여동생 younger sister, 남동생 younger brother.
- it is usally used to call someone to other.
- Natural 제 남동생은 착해요. My (younger) brother is nice.
- Natural 제 여동생은 축구선수에요. My (younger) sister is a soccer player.
- We usually use their name to call our younger siblings.
- Natural 희선아, 오빠가 도와줄 거 있니? Hey, What can I help you?
- As you see we can use title instead of 저/나 I.
- If you use it to call the one you are talking with... You think and express that the one is cute or inferior by emphasizing that the one is younger than you.
- Natural 네가 동생이고 내가 누나잖아. 어딜 대들어? You're younger than me, and I am older than you. How dare you? (By a older woman to younger man. They are close. She is kidding and warning him)
- Natural 거기 동생은 뭐 마실래요? Hey, there, What do you like to drink? (By a older woman to younger girl)
- Of course you can't use it to call a clerk.
